Neomycin Sulfate (cas 1405-10-3)
Comprehensive Information Table
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Neomycin sulfate |
| CAS | 1405-10-3 |
| Synonyms | FRADIOMYCIN SULFATE, NEOMYCIN SULFATE, BIOSOLVETERINARY, MYCIGIENT, NEOBIOTIC, NEOFRACIN |
| Chemical Formula | C₂₃H₄₈N₆O₁₇S |
| Molecular Weight | 712.72 g/mol |
| EINECS | 215-773-1 |
| Melting Point | >187°C (decomposition) |
| Optical Rotation | [α]²⁵/D +54° (c = 2 in H₂O) |
| Bulk Density | 640 kg/m³ |
| Refractive Index | 1.56 (C=10, H₂O) |
| Appearance | White to slightly yellow powder |
| pH | 5.0–7.5 (50 g/L, H₂O, 20°C) |
| Solubility | Highly soluble in water (50 mg/mL stock solution); slightly soluble in ethanol and ether |
| Applications | Antibiotic: Broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cell Culture: Selective agent for neomycin-resistant cells. Research: PLC inhibitor and angiogenesis modulator. |
| Quality Control | – HPLC: C18 column, methanol-water (60:40) mobile phase, UV detection at 240 nm. – Impurity Limits: ≤0.5% total impurities. |
| Synthesis Pathway | 1. Fermentation: Produced by Streptomyces fradiae under controlled conditions. 2. Purification: Crystallization from aqueous solutions. |
| Safety Information | Toxicity: Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neurotoxicity at high doses. Allergenicity: Cross-reactivity with other aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin). Handling: Wear gloves/goggles; avoid inhalation/skin contact. |
| Storage Conditions | Store at 2–8°C in airtight containers, protected from light/moisture. |
| Regulatory Status | Approved for veterinary and research use; restricted in cosmetics/animal feed. |
Key Notes
- Chemical Structure:
- Aminoglycoside antibiotic core structure binds to bacterial 30S ribosomal subunits, inhibiting protein synthesis.
- Sulfate ester group enhances water solubility and stability.
- Applications:
- Medical: Treats bacterial conjunctivitis, skin infections, and adjunct therapy for hepatic encephalopathy.
- Biotechnology: Selective agent for neomycin-resistant cell lines in molecular biology.
- Synthesis Challenges:
- Fermentation requires strict pH/temperature control to minimize byproducts.
- Purification involves multi-step crystallization and chromatography to remove endotoxins.
- Regulatory:
- Regulated by FDA/EMA under GMP standards.
- Restricted in cosmetics/animal feed per national guidelines (e.g., China’s National Key Monitoring Drug List).
For toxicology data or patents, consult PubChem/ChemSpider.
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