Isopropanol (CAS 67-63-0)

异丙醇（C₃H₈O）是一种无色易燃液体（CAS 67-63-0），沸点82.5°C，广泛用作溶剂和消毒剂。具有神经毒性和致癌风险（IARC 3类），需避光储存于0-6°C。应用涵盖制药、电子清洗及燃料添加剂，市场价格受原油波动影响。

Isopropanol (Isopropanol) Information

Isopropanol (C₃H₈O) is a colorless flammable liquid (CAS 67-63-0) with a boiling point of 82.5°C, widely used as a solvent and antiseptic. Classified as IARC 3 (not classifiable), it requires storage at 0–6°C away from light. Applications span pharmaceuticals, electronics cleaning, and fuel additives, with market prices influenced by crude oil trends.

1. Basic Chemical Properties

• ​Chemical Formula: C₃H₈O
• ​CAS Number: 67-63-0
• ​Molecular Weight: 60.10 g/mol
• ​Physical Properties:
  • ​Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid with ethanol-acetone odor.
  • ​Melting Point: -89.5°C, ​Boiling Point: 82.5°C.
  • ​Density: 0.785 g/cm³, ​Flash Point: 11.7°C (flammable).
  • ​Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol, ether, benzene.

2. Application Fields

1. ​Solvent
   • Industrial: Coatings, inks, electronics cleaning, dissolving resins/rubber.
   • Pharmaceutical: Solvent in formulations, antiseptic (70% for skin disinfection).
2. ​Chemical Intermediate
   • Synthesis of isopropylamine, isopropyl ether, methyl isobutyl ketone.
   • Production of hydrogen peroxide, acetone.
3. ​Other Uses
   • Fuel additive: Enhances gasoline octane rating.
   • Cosmetics: Solvent in perfumes, lotions.

3. Safety and Environmental Impact

• ​Hazards:
  • ​Flammability: Flashpoint 11.7°C, explosive limits 2.0%-12.7%.
  • ​Toxicity: High vapor irritation, oral LD₅₀ (rat) = 5,840 mg/kg.
• ​Environmental Risks:
  • ​Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to fish (LC₅₀ >1,000 mg/L).
  • ​Metabolites: Oxidizes to acetone, causing ketosis.
• ​Storage Requirements:
  • Store sealed in dark, away from oxidizers, at 0–6°C.

4. Production Methods

1. ​Propylene Hydration: Industrial mainstay via sulfuric acid catalysis.
2. ​Cumene Oxidation: Produces cumene hydroperoxide, then hydrolyzed.

5. Market and Supply Chain

• ​Major Producers:
  • ​International: BASF, Dow Chemical, Solvay.
  • ​China: Sinopec, Wanhua Chemical, concentrated in East China.
• ​Price Trends:
  • Influenced by crude oil prices; 2023 China price: 5,000–8,000 CNY/ton.

6. Synonyms and Abbreviations

• ​Aliases: 2-Propanol, isopropyl alcohol
• ​Abbreviations: IPA

​Keywords

中文关键词: 异丙醇, 化学性质, 溶剂, 医药中间体, 安全与环境
English Keywords: Isopropanol, Chemical properties, Solvent, Pharmaceutical intermediate, Safety and environment