Hyaluronic Acid (HA, CAS 9004-61-9)

Hyaluronic Acid (HA, CAS 9004-61-9) is a natural glycosaminoglycan widely used in dermatology, ophthalmology, and joint health. Known for its exceptional water-binding capacity, it enhances skin hydration, supports tissue repair, and serves as a key component in cosmetic and medical applications. Recent advancements highlight its role in anti-aging therapies and regenerative medicine.透明质酸（HA，CAS 9004-61-9）是一种天然糖胺聚糖，广泛用于皮肤科、眼科及关节健康领域。以其卓越的保水能力著称，可增强皮肤保湿、促进组织修复，并作为化妆品和医疗应用的核心成分。最新研究凸显其在抗衰老疗法和再生医学中的潜力。

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​Combined Keywords

Hyaluronic Acid, 透明质酸, CAS 9004-61-9, glycosaminoglycan, 保湿, 抗衰老, 关节润滑, 玻尿酸, 医美填充, 组织修复, 智能材料, 皮肤科, 眼科护理, 润滑液, 代谢工程

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​Article Body

​1. Basic Information

• ​Chemical Name: Hyaluronic Acid (HA)
• ​CAS Number: 9004-61-9
• ​Molecular Formula: (C₁₄H₂₁NO₁₁)ₙ
• ​Appearance: White crystalline powder or viscous solution
• ​Solubility: Highly water-soluble

透明质酸（HA）

• ​化学名称：透明质酸
• ​CAS号：9004-61-9
• ​分子式：(C₁₄H₂₁NO₁₁)ₙ
• ​外观：白色结晶性粉末或粘稠溶液
• ​溶解性：极易溶于水

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​2. Key Physicochemical Properties

​Parameter	​Details
​Water Binding	Binds 1,000× its weight in water, maintaining tissue hydration.
​Molecular Weight	Ranges from 5 kDa to 3,000 kDa; affects application (e.g., low vs. high MW).
​pH Stability	Stable in pH 3–10, suitable for diverse formulations.

​参数	​详情
​水分子络合能力	结合自身重量1000倍的水分，维持组织水润度。
​分子量	范围5 kDa–3,000 kDa；影响应用（如低分子量渗透真皮，高分子量支撑塑形）。
​pH耐受性	在pH 3–10范围内稳定，适配多种配方。

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​3. Mechanisms of Action

• ​Osmoprotection: Balances osmotic pressure in cells under stress (e.g., UV, pollution).
• ​Tissue Repair: Promotes collagen synthesis and accelerates wound healing.
• ​Joint Lubrication: Forms viscous solutions in synovial fluid, reducing friction.
• ​渗透压保护：平衡细胞内外渗透压，抵御紫外线、污染物等胁迫。
• ​组织修复：促进胶原蛋白合成，加速伤口愈合。
• ​关节润滑：在滑液中形成粘性溶液，减少摩擦。

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​4. Applications

• ​Dermatology:
  • ​Moisturizing: Locks in water clusters for 24h hydration.
  • ​Anti-Aging: Reduces wrinkles by 22% after 4 weeks (0.5% formulation).
• ​Ophthalmology:
  • Protects corneal cells from UV-induced damage (90% reduction in DNA breaks).
• ​Joint Health:
  • Alleviates osteoarthritis symptoms via intra-articular injections.
• ​皮肤科:
  • ​保湿：锁住三维水簇，24小时维持肌肤水润。
  • ​抗衰老：含0.5%依克多因配方使用4周后皱纹减少22%。
• ​眼科:
  • 防护角膜细胞免受紫外线损伤（DNA断裂减少90%）。
• ​关节健康:
  • 通过关节腔注射缓解骨关节炎症状。

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​5. Production & Engineering

• ​Natural Sources: Extracted from Streptococcus zooepidemicus or Halomonas elongata.
• ​Synthetic Methods:
  • ​Fermentation: Engineered E. coli strains produce 60.7 g/L HA via fed-batch processes.
  • ​Chemical Synthesis: Limited due to high costs and complexity.
• ​天然来源：从Streptococcus zooepidemicus或Halomonas elongata中提取。
• ​合成方法:
  • ​发酵法：改造大肠杆菌实现批次补料发酵产60.7 g/L HA。
  • ​化学合成：因成本高、工艺复杂，应用受限。

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​6. Safety & Challenges

• ​Safety: ISO 10993-certified; minimal cytotoxicity in clinical studies.
• ​Challenges:
  • Low bioavailability in eukaryotic cells.
  • High production costs for high-purity grades.
• ​安全性：通过ISO 10993认证，临床研究显示无细胞毒性。
• ​挑战:
  • 真核细胞生物利用度低。
  • 高纯度产品生产成本高。